A second planet has been discovered circling Beta Pictoris, a fledgling star in our own galaxy offering astronomers a rare glimpse of a planetary system in the making, according to a study published Monday.
“We talking about a giant planet about 3,000 times more massive than Earth, situated 2.7 times further from its star than the Earth is from the Sun,” said Anne-Marie Lagrange, an astronomer at France’s National Centre for Scientific Research and lead author of a study in Nature Astronomy.
The new planet, β Pictoris c, completes its orbit roughly every 1,200 days. Like its big sister β Pictoris b, discovered by Lagrange and her team in 2009, it is a gassy giant.
Visible with the naked eye, Beta Pictoris—with a mass nearly twice that of the Sun—is a newborn by comparison: only 23 million years old.
The Sun is more than 4.5 billion years old.
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It is also relatively nearby, just over 63 light years, and surrounded by a disk of stellar dust.
This swirling halo of debris and gas was the first such configuration to be captured in image, making Beta Pictoris a celebrity star in the 1980s.
“To better understand the early stage of formation and evolution, this is probably the best planetary system we know of,” Lagrange told AFP.
Observations show that the two planets are still taking shape.
β Pictoris c was discovered by analysing 10-years worth of high-resolution data obtained with instruments at the La Silla Observatory in northern Chile, run by the intergovernmental European Southern Observatory.
In 2014, scientists said β Pictoris b spins at a breakneck speed of some 25 kilometres per second (90,000 kph or 56,000 miles per hour).
Located in the southern constellation of Pictor—”The Painter’s Easel”—Beta Pictoris is the second brightest star in its constellation.
Provided by: Nature Astronomy
More information: A.-M. Lagrange et al. Evidence for an additional planet in the β Pictoris system. Nature Astronomy (2019). DOI: 10.1038/s41550-019-0857-1
Image: At least two giant planets, aged 20 million years at most, orbit around the star (which is hidden): β Pictoris c, the nearest one, which has just been discovered, and β Pictoris b, which is more distant. The disk of dust and gas can be seen in the background.
Credit: P Rubini / AM Lagrange
